ICRS Salamanca – From advances in research to quantum biology… Has the era of post-cannabinoid medicine begun?

At the beginning of July, Salamanca received the 34ª edition of the annual Symposium of International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS.com). This meeting dedicated to the latest scientific discoveries in all areas of cannabinoids and medicinal cannabis, brought together some of the world's most recognized and innovative researchers, doctors, pharmacists, scientists and scholars in the field of “Cannabis Medicine”.

Over 5 days, more than 50 speakers and hundreds of researchers presented the results of some of the most recent studies, research and trials in the area of ​​cannabis, cannabinoids and beyond. The results of investigations in all their phases were exposed (analyses, studies and pre-clinical and clinical trials Phase I; Phase II and Phase III double-blind, placebo-controlled) dedicated to understanding the mechanisms of action of the different chemical compounds of the cannabis plant in our body through the Endocannabinoid System, the differences of this system between men and women, the importance of collecting and interpreting data and, among many other things, the role that some cell organelles have for our health.

First day dedicated to Pediatrics

The first day was specifically developed for the ICRS Pediatric Special Interest Group, organized by C4T (Canadian Collaborative for Childhood Cannabinoid Therapeutics), in which several studies carried out in the field of pediatrics were presented. Highlight for the platform that Health Canada (the country's medicines authority) developed to collect and analyze the effects of cannabinoid use, reported by users, family members and the medical community. During this session, a workshop was held with the aim of understanding the best ways to collect data on each possible episode related to the consumption of cannabinoids.

Throughout the morning, Ethan Russo, Neurologist (MD), researcher in the fieldof Cannabinoid Psychopharmacology and co-author of many studies, presented an interesting research retrospective with a prediction of possible paths in pediatric treatments with cannabinoids, entitled “History of Medicinal Cannabis in Children and Future Directions”. Russo recalled the uses of cannabinoids as medicine over the centuries and pointed to some published studies, such as one carried out with Jamaican women to understand the effects on newborns of using Cannabis during pregnancy. He also referred to another by Professor Mechoulam and A. Aramov that supported the effectiveness of Delta-8-THC as an antiemetic (to reduce vomiting) in cases of childhood cancer.

Ethan Russo recalled the ancestral uses of the cannabis plant and made an overview of some scientific studies with cannabinoids relevant in the area of ​​pediatric oncology.

Also during CT4 – Pediatrics Conference, Dedi Meiri (Ph.D.), Associate Professor at Technion (Israel Institute of Technology) – Laboratory of Cancer Biology in Cannabinoid Research, founder of CannaSoul Analytics presented the lecture “The Complexity of the Cannabis Plant: Lessons for Medicinal Cannabis Patients”.

With a Master's degree in Biochemistry and a PhD in Plant Technology from Tel Aviv University, Dedi Meiri is one of the most recognized figures in cannabis research, in particular for his Database Project, through which he has collected, systematized and analyzed data from thousands of patients treated with medicinal cannabis in Israel. During his presentation, he recalled the work done with cannabinoids alongside Professor Raphael Mechoulam – namely, a database and a bookstore in which they cataloged 120 different molecules – and spoke about the evolution of the use of medicinal cannabis in Israel, where currently around 155 thousand patients already use this plant to treat their health problems. “On the database we created, we recorded the cannabinoids and terpenes of each strain used in hospitals in Israel for patients with epilepsy, cancer and various diseases. It’s an excellent example of how to spend 5 million dollars without getting any results”, he joked. From the beginning, it was clear to the two researchers that “cannabis works in childhood epilepsy because it is actually the active molecule that reduces seizures. In epilepsy, at least this is known,” he concluded.

In 2015, when they developed another database to collect information about treatment for autistic children, “we also observed that, with an extract high in CBD and low in THC, both anxiety and aggressiveness peaks improved significantly.” The country's government wanted them to move forward to a clinical trial, which ended up being done with 56 children and a placebo group. “The improvements were huge in reducing behavioral aggression and improving eye contact,” he explained.

Meiri also spoke about cataloging the results collected on the use of cannabis for insomnia. They divided the strains into types and realized that Type 1 was the most effective, therefore, the molecules that affect sleep were in this group, one of them being CBN. But after two failed studies, they realized that this didn't seem to be the only reason. They carried out a new study on rats using the strain that gave the best results and the conclusion was very positive. “But that strain it had 19 phytocannabinoids, flavonoids, pigments… We removed the CBD and CBN; we put synthetics and it didn't work; we isolated and combined the compounds, but the effects were not the same,” he said. The conclusion is that there would have to be something more. They created a mixed product that is “non-psychoactive, but without the observed side effects” (a high dose of THC is better for sleep than a low dose, but has more adverse effects).

Dedi Meiri presented the lecture “The Complexity of Cannabis Plant; Lessons for Medical Cannabis Patients”.

They carried out a clinical trial with 128 participants: it revealed significant improvements after 1 week and 1 month. “57 patients used sleeping pills and after a month of using cannabis, only 13 continued to use them”, he revealed. Later, they used this oil in another study with 3.800 participants suffering from chronic pain. “The reduction in pain was minimal, but during sleep there was a major effect. And although it had adverse effects, such as nausea, drowsiness and migraines in some cases, “we did not observe severe adverse effects – with Rock Oil, with a very high dose of THC (110) being the one that had the worst effects”, he concluded.

Studies, essays, articles and data, data, data!

The four days of ICRS that followed were filled with oral presentations of research carried out or ongoing around the world – an average of 16 presentations and two guest speakers per day –, followed by an intense Datablitz session (3 minutes for some researchers selected to present the data collected about their research). After these sessions in the auditorium, each day ended with Poster Sessions, in which scientists responsible for various investigations (many of them pre- and post-doctoral students who are currently carrying out their practices in the laboratory with professor-scientists) presented their results of your study in an infographic poster. This practice, common in scientific conventions, allows you to quickly read the topic, objective, methodology, sample statistics and conclusions drawn and speak directly with the researchers.

Taking into account the diversity and volume of work presented throughout the event, the interest of the scientific community in cannabinoids and the functioning of the Endocannabinoid System was evident, and revealed the enormous scientific advances that have been made in this area.

From the five intense days of conferences and presentations, we arrived at 3 keywords:

• Mitochondria
• Quantum Biology
• Allosteric modulators

Of the study of chemistry and energy

The preponderant role of mitochondria was one of the things that caught the most attention among the various lectures. The importance of these cell energy factories was highlighted in several presentations, especially that of Geoffrey W. Guy, co-founder of GW Pharmaceuticals, the company that developed Sativex and Epidyolex – the first two Cannabis-based medicines with API to be supplied to hospitals, first in England and then, little by little, throughout the world where medical cannabinoids are legal. Guy ended up selling GW Pharma, “the world leader in cannabinoid therapeutics”, to Jazz Pharmaceuticals for 7,2 billion dollars in 2001. Among the numerous awards he has received throughout his life is the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS) in 2023.

In 2018, he co-founded Guy Foundation Family Trust, with his wife, Kate. From this foundation, research continues into new areas of expertise, already in post-cannabis medicine – that is, beyond the action of cannabinoids and terpenes. Guy dared to take a step forward, focusing on “quantum biology”, the area of ​​medicine that studies “the effect of quantum mechanics on biological systems”, according to the presentation he gave in Salamanca. In other words, he studies the behavior of the smallest “parts” of the organism, from the electrical responses that chemical reactions produced and vice versa, investigating phenomena such as "spin" "tunneling" and "entanglement", which fascinates scholars of quantum physics (and metaphysics), including superradiation, vibronics and quantum pulsation.

Geoffrey W. Guy during his exhibition “Cannabinoid Medicine: Past, Present and Future” at ICRS 2024.

Mitochondria play an important role here, precisely because they are the cellular organelles responsible for the production of energy (chemical) and its transport through ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) molecules, for intercellular communication and cell respiration. Disorders of these organelles due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA (which is only inherited from the mother and are independent of that of the host cell) may cause very complicated diseases and lead to cell death – in other words, they play a key role in aging.

It is already known that cannabinoids such as THC and CBD can affect mitochondrial function. But it turns out that mitochondria are also sensitive to light, a crucial detail, as light particles can influence their behavior. Any discovery of communication and relationships between mitochondria – both within the same cell and with those of other cells – has only been studied for around 10 years, but promises to change medicine forever.

Geoffrey Guy gave the example of two research works, one on “Ultraviolet Superradiation from Tryptophan Mega-Grids in Biological Architecture” (Ultraviolet Superradiance from Mega-Networks of Tryptophan in Biological Architectures) and another on the effects of near-infrared light and electromagnetic fields for treating lung inflammation after a Covid-19 outbreak (Therapeutic application of light and electromagnetic fields to reduce hyper-inflammation triggered by COVID-19). These two studies serve as the basis for the future of his research into the possibilities of Photobiomodulation – an area that he has been studying with his colleague M. Powner.

It turns out that protons, in certain non-ionizing optical radiations, within a range of the visible and near-red electromagnetic spectrum, may interact with organelles or endogenous chromophoric molecules (sensitive to light), triggering certain downstream chemical and/or electrical reactions in the our body, potentially with therapeutic benefits. These waves do not have enough energy to remove any electrons from atoms, so they do not alter the DNA.

But what does all this have to do with cannabinoids? Guy posed several questions: “Can cannabinoids modulate the quantum effects – on the one hand, of electron transport chains and, on the other, the synthesis of ATP and microtubules and also the metabolic regulation made available by superradiation –, and the intra- and intercellular communication and control?”. Therefore, we speak of “energetic cell phone,” he said, “neuroplasticity, children’s neurodevelopment, mid-life regeneration and aging.” Guy pointed out, “it will be very important to understand what are the quantum characteristics of the cannabinoids that are being introduced [into the body]: where are the electrons? What orbits do they follow? These energy profiles may be more important than their chemical structure” he afirmed, leaving the challenge up in the air. And he finished, showing the ultrafluorescence of a synthetic cannabinoid.

Anyone who wants to know more about this subject can read the article: Informing the Cannabis Conjecture: From Life's Beginnings to Mitochondria, Membranes and the Electrome—A Review, published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in August 2023 by Alistair VW Nunn and co-authored by Guy and Jimmy D. Bell, another colleague of both from the University of Westminster, London.

Modulating the Endocannabinoid System to enhance the benefits of drugs

Another relevant path for research into cannabinoids is that of allosteric modulators. These are substances that bind to receptors in a site different from the place to which they usually connect on the surface protein; as opposed to orthosteric ligands, which bind to the “right” site of the receptor. The orthosteric site is the place where they typically bind. This has been studied in medicine and pharmacology since the 60s, but in the case of its action on the Endocannabinoid System and the potential it reveals, the procession still goes to the churchyard...

Allosteric modulators, explained here in a very simplified way, cause a modification of the receptor site, thus modulating its affinity for a ligand or even the activity of the receptor itself. When they are “positive”, these modulators increase the affinity between ligands and receptors; and when they are “negative”, they reduce it. This means that, in a situation of imbalance (pathology), the receptor activity might be reverted to a more normal level – not too high nor too low – thus avoiding imbalances and, potentially, diseases.

To understand this subject a little better, however, it is important to be clear about what “ligands” are, as well as the concepts of “agonist” and “antagonist”. For example, endogenous cannabinoids (Anandamide and 2-AG, produced by the body), as well as phytocannabinoids (THC, CBD, CBG, etc., produced by the Cannabis plant), are the ligands that bind to cannabinoid receptors (CB1 , CB2, TRPs, etc.).

However, phytocannabinoids can act as “agonists”, as molecules that bind to a specific receptor, to create downstream effects; or as “antagonists”, when they bind to the receptor, preventing the binding of endogenous agonists – and blocking the receptor’s activity. The action of phytocannabinoids may also be partial, when they stimulate the receptor less than the same endogenous agonist; or complete, when it stimulates the receptor in the same way. CBD, for example, can behave as a CB1 receptor antagonist, hence its ability to neutralize the psychotropic effects of THC, a cannabinoid that binds mainly the CBXNUMX receptors, found predominantly in the brain and nervous system.

So allosteric modulators enter this equation because notthey do not connect to the orthosteric site of the cannabinoid receptor, but rather to another site on the surface protein, modulating the activity of cannabinoid binding, thus modulating receptor signaling. One of the pre-clinical studies from the University of Toronto, presented at ICRS, deals with the use of allosteric modulators to avoid inhibition of the CB1 receptor in cases of hyperdopaminergia vitrovs. in vivo. Hyperdopaminergia is a condition associated with some psychoses such as schizophrenia and is related to a decompensation of the dopaminergic system (alteration in the modulation of dopamine activity).

“If inhibition of the CB1 receptor may have therapeutic utility, blocking the orthosteric site on this receptor manifests itself in negative psychiatric effects; allosteric modulators can restore normal temporal and special signaling from the CB1 receptor”, the poster stated.

As the researcher responsible for this study, Kim Sugamori, said: “when we have very high connectivity of endocannabinoid signaling, it can trigger psychosis, obesity or fatty liver, among other things, so we want to bring this connectivity to a normal level. You can’t go too low or too high: if it’s too low, for example, we have an increase in anxiety, suicide ideation and depression.” In other words, by calibrating the activity of the endocannabinoid system and the way it receives cannabinoids from the plant through allosteric modulators, the organism is might be brought to homeostasis (balance) and avoid or combat some diseases”.

Another potential advantage of allosteric modulators, according to Sugamori, “is that one can be more specific with the target, since many of the orthosteric agonists and antagonists end up having affinity with the orthosteric site of other receptors, causing off-target effects – hence the drugs [medicines] have so many different side effects, because although the receptors are specific and selective, when there is a very high concentration of a drug, it can bind to other sites”. Therefore, the advantage of “designing” allosteric modulators is to “increase the selectivity [of the receptors] and reduce the effects off-target [of the ligands]”, she explained. Although the conclusion of this pre-clinical trial was that it is not possible to transpose the results obtained vitrofor models in vivo, these look quite promising. This is because “it is another method of modulating activity in some pathological states such as psychosis and obesity, since when using an anti-psychotic, these normally bind to dopamine D2 receptors and block antipsychotics, therefore people gain weight and stop taking them”, concludes Sugamori. “Our NAM molecule was developed to combat obesity and fatty liver disease, so, at least in a preclinical model, it worked as an antipsychotic, but one that does not lead to weight gain or metabolic disorders,” he said. she.

Cannabis vs.cancer: could this plant be the answer we’ve been waiting for?

Among the lectures that took place during these five days of ICRS2024 symposium, it is worth mentioning the exhibition of Manuel Guzman(Ph.D): entitled “Anticancer Activity of Cannabinoids: Past, Present and Future”. PhD in Biological Sciences and professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the Complutense University of Madrid, having received the ICRS Mechoulam award in this 2024 edition, Guzmán gave a flashback to the historical research work, including clinical trials with cannabinoids, that the Spanish University has carried out in recent decades of oncology and neuro-oncology research.

In recent years, Cannabis has proven to be a very effective drug in alleviating the adverse effects of chemotherapy (nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, etc.), as well as in reducing both the size and vascularity of some tumors, particularly in breast cancer. It has also demonstrated very positive results for preventing metastases in various types of cancer. This has been verified thanks to the activation of cannabinoid receptors in cancer cells.

In the case of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), a most aggressive type of brain tumor and Guzmán's area of expertise, preclinical trials were conducted indicating the anti-tumoral effects of Cannabis. Subsequently, a Phase 1 study was carried out in 2006, with 9 patients with this type of recurrent tumor who did not previously respond to conventional therapy. Through a catheter, they injected THC directly into the tumor, which led to its reduction in some patients. In 2021, the results of another study carried out in two partswith GBM patients, with a one-year survival rate of 83% for those treated with Sativex (nabiximols) and Temozolomide (medication commonly used to treat these brain tumors), and only 44% in the placebo group. However, for this type of cancer, the results were not yet as expected. To be able to draw valid conclusions, clinical trials with a control group are still needed in which various cannabinoid compositions can be tested, combined with different forms of conventional therapy.

Manuel Guzmán has participated in more than 200 studies, which can be found here.

We also highlight the presentation of Ruth Ross, (Ph.D.), Professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Director of the Center for Collaborative Drug Research at the University of Toronto, Canada, who spoke about “The Pharmacology of Cannabis: the Shape of Things to Come”.

Lecture “Cannabinoid Pharmacology: The shape of things to come”, presented by Ruth Ross, from the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Director of the Center for Collaborative Drug Research at the University of Toronto, Canada.

Having studied cannabis and the Endocannabinoid System for more than 20 years, this Scottish woman based in Canada, with a very refined sense of humor, reported her failures and achievements over the years, encouraging young scientists not to give up when faced with difficulties to obtain financing. Next, she presented some of the studies carried out by herself and her students on pain, the action of endocannabinoids in the liver, allosteric modulators, the role of the endocannabinoid 2-AG in Bipolar Disease and the mechanisms of action of different cannabinoids in the Endocannabinoid System.

Her work is vast, very interesting and can be found in this link.

The importance of getting to the right dose

Finally, we remember the lecture “Cannabinoids, Stress and Pain – Does it block or does it not block?”, by Rajita Sinha(Ph.D), Professor of Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Child Psychiatry, Non-Executive Director of Psychiatry for Psychology at the Yale Interdisciplinary Stress Center and the Kang Tsou Memorial Speaker at ICRS2024.

Reducing anxiety, stress and pain are the reasons most cited by users for resorting to cannabinoids. But to what extent can this option be justified and when do these consumptions become problematic or even ineffective or addictive? Sinha presented the latest (and as yet unpublished) data from her research in this area, delving into the “clinical phenomenology of stress and pain, the characterization of the adaptive response to stress and pain and modulation with Cannabis, and how to deal with Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) by these consumers. As she explained, “70% of human beings have had traumatic experiences and 34% have had 4 or more traumatic episodes; 43% of people surveyed reported 2 or more childhood experiences” (Sinha et al.) All of this increases the levels of cortisol produced by the body, which can trigger cases of chronic stress. However, “with a more pronounced stress response, there is a greater tolerance to pain,” she concluded.

“There are also huge differences between the sexes”, said Sinha: “women have much higher levels of chronic stress than men”. To deal with this, they often turn to the use of opium and Cannabis, although the use of cannabinoids is higher than that of opioids and, according to Rajita Sinha, tolerance increases with consumption, which leads to an increase in dosing and “Individuals with higher levels of CUD are those who have been more exposed to trauma and who have co-dependencies”, leading to a dysregulated response in cortisol production.

The differences between alcohol and cannabinoid consumers are also notable, with alcohol use having more harmful consequences than cannabinoid use, although the basal response also changes, but in a different way. To understand the ideal proportions of cannabinoids that these patients should use without developing into abusive consumption, they opted for an experimental approach with specific combinations of cannabinoids. With this two-phase study and placebo group, they noticed that those patients who received doses of 40/10 and 100/30 of CBD/THC responded better than the placebo. The 40/20 CBD/THC dose, on the other hand, increased pain and anxiety. Overall, they did not identify either moderate nor severe adverse effects.

Presentation “Cannabinoids, Stress and Pain – Does it block or doesn’t it block?”, by Rajita Sinha, in ICRS2024.

In the second phase of the study, they used the two doses previously identified as effective, for seven days and two weeks of follow-up, again with a placebo control group. According to Sinha, “The study had some limitations, but it demonstrated that there are positive effects using this experimental approach, and surprisingly, in the 40/10 group, sleep quality improved dramatically.”

ICRS2024 - the 34th Annual ICRS Symposium on the Cannabinoids, many advances and promising results

The feeling that remained after the overload of data and studies presented during these five days of ICRS, was that, year after year, science is making great advances in the area of ​​cannabinoid medicine, especially in understanding the functioning of the Endocannabinoid System and the mechanisms of action of these molecules, both endogenous and exogenous, and much beyond that.

The results presented, in general, are promising and there is already a lot of “data” that proves that for certain diseases and in certain situations, the Cannabis plant is an effective option as a sole or complementary treatment. But there still so much to explore.

Both the research exposed this year and the scientific community currently working with cannabinoids demonstrate that “cannabis medicine” is a fascinating path and science is already one step ahead in studying the enormous potential that cannabis represents. This was not evident in these five days of ICRS in the beautiful Spanish city of Salamanca.

Next year, the symposium ICRS2025 will be in Bloomington, Indiana, USA.

Researcher Thomas Arkell, from Swinburne University of Technology in Australia; Natalya M. Kogan from Ariel University in Israel, and Shahid Perwaiz from Health Canada, stand next to posters presenting the results of their latest studies.

We highlight some of the studies and clinical trials of the Program, which were presented by the authors during ICRS2024:

- “Real-Time Effects of Medical Cannabis on Older Adults with Chronic Pain: Early Results from a Prospective Cohort with Control”
Yan Wang*, Kimberly T. Sibille, Zhigang Li, Rene Przkora, Siegfried O. Schmidt, Margaret C. Lo, Ana M. Abrantes and Robert L. Cook

– “Inhibition of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 Prevents Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressivelike Behavioral Symptoms and Reverses Stress-induced Inhibition Of Hippocampal Neurogenesis”
Taygun C. Uzuneser*, Matthew J. Jones, Mohammed H. Sarikahya, Dana Gummerson, Andrew Yates, Saoirse E. O'Sullivan, Daniel B. Hardy, Walter J. Rushlow and Steven R. Laviolette

– “Endocannabinoid Basis of Personality – Insights from Animal Model of Social Behavior”
Natalya M. Kogan*, Dilorom Begmatova, Sergey Malitsky, Maxim Itkin, Igor Koman, Eyal Sharon, Zvi Vogel, Raphael Mechoulam and Albert Pinhasov

– “A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of Cannabidiol in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients”
Veena K Ranganath*, Holly Wilhalme, Nicolette T Morris, Jenny Brook, Brian Skaggs, David A Elashoff and Ziva D. Cooper

– “The Endocannabinoid System in Bipolar Disorder and its Effects on Mitochondrial Function”
Pavel Powlowski*, Jaehyoung Choi, Lindsay Melhuish Beaupré, Joanna Biernacka, Ana C. Andreazza and Ruth Ross

– “Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of Cannabinoids”
Rajeev I. Desai*, Evan C. Smith, Dalal AlKhelb, Christos Iliopoulos-Tsoutsouvas, Spyros Nikas and Alexandros Makriyannis

– “Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Prevents Collagen-Induced Arthritic Joint Degeneration and Pain-Depressed Behavior”
S. Olivia Vanegas*, Arsalan Zaki, Caroline Dealy and Steven G. Kinsey

– “Neurobiological Underpinnings of Cannabidiol's Action in Attenuating Opioid Relapse”
Alexandra Chisholm*, Joseph Landry, James Callens, Randall J. Ellis, Jacqueline-Marie N. Ferland and Yasmin L. Hurd

– “Part I, Open Label Results Of The Safety And Efficacy Of Medicane's Medical Cannabis Oil For Treatment Of Agitation And Disruptive Behaviors In Subjects With Dementia”
Neta Rimmerman*, Ramit Ravona-Springer, Ziv Sarussi, Noa Bregman, Talya Nathan, Vered Hermush, Nisim Mizrahi, Noa Stern, Talma Gotteiner, Adi Don, Hagay Moshe and Nurit Tweezer Zaks

– “Effects of Post-Injury CBD Administration in a New Model of Brain Damage of Inflammatory Origin in Rat Newborn”
Laura Silva Colmenar*, María Martínez Vega, Ángela Romero Sanz, María de Hoz Rivera, Nerea Huertos Soto and José Martínez Orgado

– “Assessing the Effects of Cannabichromene on Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Pain”
Miguel A. De Leon*, Waseem Gul, Mahmoud ElSohly, Hannah M. Harris and Nicole M. Ashpole

– “The Effects of Short-Term Oral Cannabidiol (CBD) Ingestion on Inflammation, Muscle Damage and Functional Recovery Following Downhill Running”
Luke Downey*, Sarah Catchlove, Sam Wu, Mee Chee Chong and Matthew Cooke

– “Is What You See What You Get? Accuracy of Labeled THC Potency Across Flower and Concentrate Products in Colorado”
Greg Giordano, Colin Brook, Marco Ortiz Torres, Grace MacDonald, Jonathon Lisano, Carillon Skrzynski, Duncan Mackie and L. Cinnamon Bidwell*

– “Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Therapeutic Intervention for the Psychiatric-Like Consequences of Chronic Adolescent THC Consumption”
Marieka V. DeVuono*, Eryn P. Lonnee, Marta De Felice and Steven R. Laviolette

– “Altered Endocannabinoid Signaling Might Contribute to Obesity in P62 KO Mice”
Christina Keller, Sebastian Rading, Bahar Candur, Gaby Loers, Laura Bindila and Meliha Karsak*

– “Cannabis has Remarkable Self-Reported Efficacy in People with Eating Disorders: Findings from The International Med-Fed Survey”
Sarah-Catherine Rodan*, Sarah Maguire, Noah Meez and Iain S. McGregor

– “Effects of Prescribed Medical Cannabis on Driving Performance & Cognitive Function”
Thomas Arkell*, Luke Downey and Amie Hayley

– “Phytocannabinoids in Combination: Chronic Pain"
Emmanuel Franco, Jose Rios, Laura Valdez, Andrew Tsin and Khalid Benamar*

A summary of all the studies presented in the lectures this year can be seen at the end of the ICRS2024 Program.

For more information about the International Cannabinoid Research Society and the next editions of the ICRS Symposium, visit the organization's website: www.icrs.com